Hose



sept. 19, 1939.

A; ly.. FREEDLANDER HOSE Filed'Dec. 10, 1936 /NVENTOR ABRAHAM l.. FREEDLANER BY' a/ -j AT TORNE YS lait-.medsept.19,1939 I l "7' l 2,173,359

UNIT-Eo STATES) PATENrol-*rfce Abraham L. mediana, Damn, oan, minor to The Dayton Rubber Manufacturing Company, Dayton, Ohio, a. corporation of Ohio This invention relates to hose and particularly stantially limits the use of such hose. Further, l to hose reinforced against damage by tension, it was found that the application (if-excessive bending, suction or pressure, and abrasion of the tension caused damaging, friction or cutting acexterior. y tion between vthe metallic reinforcing members 5 It is an object of this vinvention to provide a and the adjacent rubber.. s

hose consisting of rubber reinforced by means Aside from these defects, the strength o f the including longitudinally inextensible iiexible methose was by no means uniform from end to end` al mesh. as is `the case withhose constructed according It is a further object of this invention to proto the principles of this invention. Furthermore,

10 vide such a reinforcement which is longitudinally .the weight of the hose was substantially increased 10 inextensibie and which` will protect the hose by the use of prior known reinforcements and the against damage due to tension without reducing cost thereof was extremely high. the flexibility thereof. According to the principles of this invention,

It is a further object of this invention to'pro- I propose to provide-in rubber hose,l means for vide such a reinforcement whicirwiil. protect the substantially strengtheningone or more of the w hose against damage due to bending without marubber layers thereof by the use lof inextensible, terially increasing the weight thereof or decreasf, flexible, woven mesh, the'use of which, due tothe ing the flexibility thereof, extension through the interstice's thereof 1 of the l It is a further object of this invention to prorubber-from opposite sides, does not4 impair vthe vide, in reinforced rubber hose, a. greater amount initial resiliency of the rubber. 20

of flexibility in the hose than1 may be otherwise By the use of the term rubber, it is, of cours achieved for a given amount of rubber'. to be understood that .1 comprehend synthetic It is a further object of this invention to 'prorubberl andl other rubber equivalents. vide flexible longitudinally inextensible reinforc- 'I'he reinforcing of resilient bodies of rubber y ing means which is imbedded in the body of the and/or synthetic rubber was heretofore sought 25 hose whereby to secure strength' against suction, to be accomplished by' the incorporation therein pressure, bending, and tension, Without obstrucof somewhat flexible reinforcing members of fabtion of the bore of the hose. ric, metal and other materials having continuous It is a further object of this invention to prosurfaces unprovided with interstices or apertures vide, in a hose construction, a reinforcement comcapable of permitting the extension therethrough 30 prising'- articulated metallic mesh provided with of sufficient rubber resiliently to connect together apertures or interstices adapted, when the mesh the portions of the resilient body at opposite sides is imbedded in rubber, to contain suiilcient rubof the reinforcement; the resiliency/of the body i ber to resiliently connect the portions of the rubwas, therefore, substantially impaired by the in-1 ber body at opposite sides of the mesh whereby to corporation therein of the reinforcement. 35

substantially strengthen the rubber withoutim, While, in some cases, the reinforcing material pairment of .the resiliency thereof. was possessed of sumcient flexibility for the-pur- -It is a further object of this invention to propose, it so effectively separated or insulated the vide, as a reinforcement for rubber, a metal mesh portions of the resilient body as toimpart to the o which is stronger than fabric and ,which4 posbody the properties of vtwo separate resilient 40 sesses substantially the saine flexing-characterisbodies rigidly connected together or each conties as does rubber. i nected to the opposite side of a member through In the construction of reinforced rubber hose, which the resilient wavesfrom one body could it has formerly lbeen proposed to strengthen the not pass to the other body.

45 rubber of the, hose against excessive tension, Where the bond between the portions of the 45 against excessive injurious bending and/or kinkresilient body and the connecting reinforcing maing and against the application of suction or presterial was imperfect, destruction of the bond sure to the interior thereof by incorporation in speedily followed application of force to the body, the body of the hose helically wound wire, either either in tension or compression, especially when nat or semicircular, or by applying suchreinthe forcewas applied intermittently overa period 50 forcements to the -innerwali of the hose, in which of time. This objectionable condition was most latter case the smoothness of the bore of the oftenencountered in the reinforcement of synhose was substantially destroyed. When such thetic rubber and other similar v'ulcanizable com- A helical members are used the friction of fluid positions dueto the difficulty of securing perfect transmission is materially increased, which subbonding thereof 'to reinforcing materials in gen- 55 eral and in particular to metallic reinforcing materials. i

. By reinforcing such resilient bodies by the incorporation therein of flexible mesh. provided with interstices or apertures capable of vpermitting the extension therethrough of sufilcient resilient body material from one sldeof the mesh` to the other side thereof, I\have totally avoided the above objectionable conditions. I achieve satisfactoryv reinforcement ofrthe resilient body material without impairment of the resiliencyl thereof, even wherethe bond between the resilient body material and the reinforcement is not perfect. Due to the extension of the resilient body materialthrough the interstices of the flex-A ible mesh, the resiliency of the reinforced resilient material is unimpaired because, due to its flexibility, the `mesh acts with, instead of against,

the resiliency of the material. Likewise, the longitudinalI inextensibility of the flexible mesh imparts additional strength in tension when the longitudinal axis thereof is disposed parallel to that of the hose, and thisincrease of strength and tension occurs without, in any way, impairing the flexibility of the hose.

' Furthermore, in some instances, it is desired,

Ain order to avoid danger'from static electricity,

to provide electrical connectionbetween the metallic settings at opposite ends of the hose, as is the case, for instance, with gasoline hose. By providing a layer of metallic mesh at or adjacent the surface `oi. the hose, according to the principles of my invention, it ls possibleto secure' electrical connection between one end of the mesh and one end fitting, and between the other end portion of the mesh and the tting at the opposite endl of the hose. This eliminates the necessity for use of a separate electrical connection between the fittings. such as a separate copper or other electrical `conducting wire connected between the metallic parts.

' Theseand other objects and advantages will appear from the following description taken in\, connection with the drawing.

In the drawing: Y Figure 1 is a view, illustrative of the application of the principles of dthis invention to a hose construction having substantial ,thickness and comprising nine main sections-including av heat insulating section; r Figure 2, is a section taken on Figure l;

Figure 3 is a view showing a single sinuous metallic strand of a preferred form o f metal mesh which is adapted to be disposed transversely of the longitudinal exisat the mesh# Figure 4 is a view `showing the interconnection between adjacent transverse sinous strands of the mesh;v j

Figure 5 is a diagrammatic elevational view the une z-z of of a length of cylindrical exible mesh reinforcing material; v Figure 6 is an end in Figure 5; I

Figure 'I is a view similar to F1811l'ef`5 but illustrative of the formation-of a tube of mesh formed from a strip thereof;l

Figure 8 is an end view of the structure shown in Figure 7; d

Figure 9 is ,aview similar to Figure '1, illustrative'of the formation vof a tube of mesh com view of the structure shown prising a plurality of spaced layers formed' by spirally winding a strip? Figure 10 is an end view of the strujsture shown in Figure 9; "1-

may be formed Y the longitudinal axis Figure 1l is a view similar Figure 9, but illustrating the formation'of a tube of flexible mesh by spirally winding a strip thereof; and

Figure 12 is an end view of the structure illustrated in Figure 11.

Referring to the drawing in detail, and with reference particularly to Figures 1 to 12 inclusive, it will be seen that the-metal mesh is composed of transverse'sinuous strands I of metal or metal wire, which are engaged as illustrated in Figure 4. The engaging bent portions in the -contacting portions, whereby the mesh is provided with iiexibility in the plane of the mesh and also about transverse axes which extend parallel to the length of the strands I.

The adjacent strands,v I are likewise capablel o fmcvexnent toward one another, as seen in Figure 4, while the elongation of the mesh under tension is limited by the engagement of the respective adjacent and interconnected strands, as

i respective strands I are arcuate throughout the illustrated in Figure 4.'` The mesh is, therefore,

flexible in the-plane thereof, when flat, flexible about axes parallel to thestrands I, though longitudinally inextensible. The mesh is furtherabout axes extending substantially longitudinally thereof. Due'to the flexibility of the mesh,.it is mentof rubber and eduivalent material, where it is desired to retain the natural resiliency of the material reinforced. Figures 3 and 4 show the strands of the mesh in plan. Figure 1 shows 4the mesh substantially in plan and substantially Ipoint because the extension thereof is limited by the engagement of. the respective adjacent strands, as illustrated in Figure 4. Due to the fact that the adjacent strands at one side of the tube may move telescopically toward one another while the opposite portion of the tube is in tension, the tubeis freely bendable or flexible. As iilustrated'in Figure '1, a tube or 'e piuralityv of llayers may be formed from a strip of the mesh and the strands of vthe mesh may, as

is also the case with the endless tube shown in Figures 5 and 6 and also with that shown in Figures 9 and 10, extend annularly with respect to the tube with respect thereto. With the latter disposition of the strands longitudinally, rigidity of the tube is increased while flexibility thereof with y25 more capable of substantial torsional flexibility exceptionally'sui'table for use .in the reinforce- Figures l, 2, 5 and 6, the mesh or may extend longitudinally respect to forces vapplied radially with respectto the axis-thereof is decreased. In the form illustrated in' Figures ,7 and 8, the respective `layers of lthe mesh are substantially in direct contact. Y

Where it is d 'ired, the respective layers of the spirally` wound tube, as illustrated in Figures!) and 10, may be substantially separatedone from the other in order that 'a substantially continuous spiral zone of rubber or similar material may be interposed between the respective layers.A The tube may be formed as illustrated in Figures 11 and 12', where it is desiredthat mbetanuel rizidu 2,173,359 ity against longitudinal force be provided in the reinforcing tube. Whether the strands i -of the strip used to form the tube illustrated in Figures 11 and 12 be disposed transversely or longitudinally with respect to the longitudinal axis of the strip, they will be disposed angularly with respect to the axis. of thereinforcing tube so formed. This latter construction' is particularly suitable for use in the reinforcement `of"h'ose or' tubes V against the force of intermittent pulsationsas.

well as against continuous suction. f

While the principles of my invention may be applied to the reinforcement of -hose comprising pressure or continuous y a single layer yof rubber or other equivalent fvulcanizable material, the application of these prini ciples may be made in the reinforcement of rubber tubes or layers of composite hose or tubing. .In the respective figures, the iiexible metal mesh is designated2, being comprised of a great num'- ber of strands l, as described above. The mesh 2 is in tubularor substantiallyxubular form and may be disposed as illustrated infFigures 5 and 6, as illustrated in Figures 7 and 8, or as illustrated in Figures 11 and 24, depending upon the bendability desired in the-hose and the purpose for which it is intended.

In the illustrations, the reference numeral 3 will be used to designate an annular or cylindrical 3l) section of rubber; the reference numeral 4 will be vused to designate an -annular or cylindrical section of rubber impregnated fabric, and the reference numeral 5 will be usedto designateav layer of rubber` or rubber equivalent reinforced with flexible metal mesh. .It is to beounde'rstood that, where the hose illustrated in the gures i's to be used for the transmission of uids which readily attack and destroy rubber, substances and compositions such assynthetic rubber or Glyptal 40 resins, which are resinsof Alkyd type Aand'pardticularly ofthe glycerol phthalate type, may be used instead of rubber. The term Glyptals i's commonly used in the art to denote resins of this latter class. Other vulcanizable resilient mate- 45 rials may likewise be substitutedl for .rubber in any of the 'constructions hereinafter described. Likewise, where resistance to the attack of acids and other harmful substances is required, the cover section of the hose may be formed of rubber substitute compositions, particularly adapted for resistance to these substances.

'I'he axes of the respective tubular mesh reinforcing sections 2 may be either parallel or disposed at an angle to one anotherA and the reinforcement may take the form of a plurality of co'ncentrically disposed endless tubes, as illustrated in Figures 5'and 6, or may be formed as illustrated in Figures '7 and 8 or Figures 9 and 10 or, if desired, one of the layers maybe formed 30 as illustrated'in Figures 11 and .12, while the surrounding the liner or lining section 3 is a-heat f insulating section 6 ofwoven-or'braided .asbestos l' ber or the like, which insulating` section is surof. tubular sections ormetal mesh 2, separated vother is formed as illustrated in Figures 5 and 6, and the respective layers may be disposed con- .centrically one within the other.

In the hose construction illustrated in Figures 35 '11 and-2, which is particularly ada table for transmission of steam at high pressu e, the liner for liningsection is preferably formed;- of arubber substitute inthe form of a composition highly resistant to steam, and immediately adjacent and rounded by a section of rubber 3 which, in turn, is surrounded by a plurality (apair is illustrated) from one another by a section or sections of rubber or rubber'substitute 3. v'I'he outer section .of

. ilexible metal mesh 2 is' surrounded by a section of rubber or rubber substitute 3 which, in turn, is surrounded by a fabricated reinforcing section of rubber impregnated fabric or other textile mai terial'4, around which and to which is applied the hose -cover of rubber or rubber substitute 3.

As pointed out above, the .respective sectionsI of, the hose are vulcanized to, form an integral tubular body having a bore which is tubular and smooth, and unobstructed by the projection of reinforcing members thereinto. Due'to the projection of a portion of the resilient material from opposite sides of the iiexible met mesh, the resiliency of -the rubber or rubber substitute is unimpaired bythe incorporation therein of the nexime metal mesh. The mesh, as pointed outv above, substantially strengthens the resilient material in the hose and imparts thereto a strength which is uniform throughout the length of the hose or tubing. Where it is desired thus to strengthen tubing of rubber or tubing having subl stantial rubber content, the flexiblemetal mesh may be incorporated therein, as pointed out above and as illustrated in the drawing, whereby to strengthen the hose or tubing without impairment of the resiliency and exibility thereof.

Furthermore, due to the fact that the respective strands I of the mesh 2 have their movement with respect one to the other vdefinitely lim'- ited in the direction of their length, the incor' poration of Vsuchwmetal meshv in tubingformed entirely or partially of rubber utterly prevents kinking -thereofand damage thereto.

By the use of the term mesh", I comprehend any'associated metallic reinforcements such as Wires and foraminous plates and materials-other than metalhaving these properties. Y

It will, of course. be description is merelyill strative of the manner derstood that the above in which the principles of my invention may be utilized and that I desire-to` comprehend Within my invention such modifications; as come within the scope'of the claims and the invention.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claiin as new and I Patent is;

1. As a new yarticle of manufacture for use as a hose in transmitting steam under pressure, a construction including a tubular section of vulcanizable steam resistant composition, `a section of .heat insulating material surrounding said Vfirstnamed section, a plurality of concentrically and alternately arranged sections of rubber and flexible metal mesh disposed about said section ofy insulating material, a reinforcing section of rubber impregnated textile material surrounding said concentrically arranged sections, land a rubber cover s'ection surrounding said last-named desire to secure by Letters section, said sections being vulcanized into an in-f tegral tubular member;

2. A hose construction 'comprising a plurality -of concentrically arranged tubularsections vulcanizedtogether, into an integral body, one of said sections being formed ofl resilient synthetic resin material, anqtl'ier of said sections comprising fabric impregnated with rubber and another of said sections being formed of rubber having zivsso a. plurality embedded therein iiexible metal mesh, seid mesh being longitudinally inextensible and having articulated segments provided with apertures filled with rubber to resiliently connect the portions of vsaid section at opposite sides of the mesh, seid hose having a heat resistant inner lining and a heat insulating layer adjacent thereto.

\ (i ABRAHAML. FREEDLANDER. 

